Published 2025-09-16
Keywords
- Herbal dye, laccase, antimicrobial finish, cotton fabric, sustainable textiles.
Abstract
The increasing need for sustainable and functional textiles has led to the exploration of herbal dyes and bio-enzymatic finishes. This research examines the application of a fungal laccase enzyme as a functional finish on cotton fabric dyed with turmeric (Curcuma longa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts. These herbs possess potent antimicrobial compounds, but their durability decreases after repeated washing. Using a pad–dry–cure method, laccase-treated fabric was tested for antimicrobial activity (AATCC 100) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, color fastness, and tensile strength. The laccase finish achieved 99% bacterial reduction initially and 96% even after 20 laundering cycles, with minimal loss in color and mechanical strength. This study confirms that laccase-mediated phenolic cross-linking provides a wash-durable, eco-friendly antimicrobial finish.