The Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance in Livestock and Its Transmission to Humans

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat that poses significant challenges to both human health and the agricultural sector. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in livestock farming are key drivers of AMR, as they promote the development and spread of resistant bacteria, which can subsequently be transmitted to humans through direct contact, consumption of contaminated animal products, and environmental pathways. The impact of AMR is far-reaching, leading to more difficult-to-treat infections, prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality rates. This paper explores the role of livestock in the emergence and transmission of AMR, the mechanisms by which resistant bacteria develop in animals, and the transmission routes through which these pathogens reach humans. It also discusses the implications of AMR for human health, including its economic burden and the challenges it poses to medical treatments and procedures. Finally, the paper reviews potential strategies to mitigate the spread of AMR, such as reducing antibiotic use in livestock, improving animal husbandry practices, and implementing better regulatory frameworks. By addressing AMR in livestock farming, this paper emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach involving collaboration across sectors to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.